2011年7月21日 星期四

蔥 scallion = spring onion / shallot / chives / leek

From  http://www.hellouk.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=69325


red onion 是紅洋蔥 味道很強又辣 通常用在沙拉上啦!
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Shallot 是小型的洋蔥 大概只有50P的直徑大小 通常拿來作 PICKLES的(就是醃洋蔥啦 可以試試看喔 可是..........超酸的 因為是用醋去醃的啦吃完一個後你可以感覺牙齒快腐蝕了)
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scallion spring onion基本上都是"青蔥" 只是我想一個白色部位的根部比較大又園(scallion)另一個比較像台灣的蔥.白色根部必較長窄(spring onion) 這個才適合做蔥油餅啦!
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chives跟蔥是同一個家庭 又稱作蝦夷蔥 可放在湯內可是煮久了原味就會消失或是代替巴西利拌入沙拉中喔 
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leek就是類似台灣的大蒜苗啦 一起炒培根很好吃喔
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2011年7月18日 星期一

iamchristine[分享] 聽力時應該特別記下什麼內容?

1.開頭和結尾原則

2.原因和結果原則

3.轉折原則

4.強調原則

5.問答原則

6.解釋原則

7.建議原則

8.時間,地點,名字,序數詞和方位詞

作者 iamchristine (iamchristine) 看板 TOEFL_iBT

標題 [分享] 聽力時應該特別記下什麼內容?

時間 Mon Jun 8 21:29:25 2009

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大家都知道,現在一篇聽力都特別長

有時都不知記下什麼內容好,來幫助回答後面的問題

記多了影響聽力的理解,記少了又沒法做細節題

我想這應該很多參考書上也會有講,不過還是總結一下寫出來幫助大家

其實,聽力考題主要是遵循一定規律出題,所以要關注聽力中的幾個重點

這幾個重點被稱之為八大原則,大家可以拿聽力題來驗証一下,還蠻準的

其他的態度題,重聽題,主旨題,都是靠對全文的理解

這主要是針對佔考題大部分的細節題

1.開頭和結尾原則,即柱形圖的前後15%。這一部分的內容關鍵詞一定要記下來

其中,結尾句型有:Next, I would like to ....

Following my lecture,...

To end/wind/wrap up my lecture,...

To put the finishing touch on my lecture,...

2.原因和結果原則,記下教授說的是什麼導致什麼

其中,原因指示詞:

because, for, since, due to, thanks to, ..attribute to...,the reason that...

結果指示詞:so, thus, therefore, consequently, as a result, that's why...

3.轉折原則,記下轉折詞後的內容。指示詞有:but, however, nevertheless, while, yet

still, nonetheless, on the other hand, to be honest/frank, to tell you the truth

in fact, although, though, even if, even though, unfortunately, unluckily

4.強調原則,在talk中,教授會暗示一些重點,主要通過5種方法。

1)語氣暗示,教授在講重點的時候,可能會重讀,停頓,口誤,口吃

2)語意暗示,重點大都藏在這些句子中:

Remember...,I would like you to .../

What I mean is.../

What I want you to do is.../

... is important(essential, necessary, fundamental, basic, fatal)

3) 比較級/最高級原則,記下什麼比什麼怎麼樣,還有最高級的是什麼

4)結論原則,記下老師下的結論

結論指示詞有:

to draw a conclusion, in conclusion, to conclude, all in all, in a word, to sum up

5)舉例原則,所有舉例的東西至少要記下前3個,單詞太長就記前兩個音節。很重要,用

來做雙選題(很奇怪,我昨天考時還有3選題)

舉例指示詞:such as, like, need, involve, for example, for instance, to demonstrate

to illustrate, to give you a cleaner picture/idea

5.問答原則,問題和答話都很重要,一定要細心聽,記下關鍵詞

6.解釋原則,也就是下定義,記下新東西是什麼和特征。表示定義的有兩種方法:1)定語

從句,比如,...,which is... 2)同位語結構

7.建議原則,即教授給學生的建議

建議句型有:

Should/

Could you...?,Couldn't/

Shouldn't you...?,You'd better to...

I'd better to...

8.時間,地點,名字,序數詞和方位詞代表的都是很重要的信息,要記下

咳咳,終于寫好了,最後說一下,真實聽力lecture真的是超長,那本Delta題目明顯太短

,大家沖刺最好拿Barron來練,雖然難了點,但用來適應考試很有效

iamchristine[分享] Understanding The Word From Context

Understanding The Word From Context

I. Common Sense and Tone Clues

Common Sense Clues  asphalt  pedestrian

Tone Clues  pitfall  wreak havoc

II. Structural Clues

BE  supernova

A and B & A or B  tilt

Adjective Clause & Adjective Phrases  equinox

Circumlocution  mechanical  collective

Apparition  Sedge root

Listing  pugnacious, sullen

Exemplification  obsolete

Comparison  parsimoniously  frugal

Contrast  nocturnal

Parenthesis  Crepuscular

Cause & Effect  pandemonium

 

 

作者  iamchristine (iamchristine)                            看板  TOEFL_iBT

 標題  [分享] 解決閱讀詞匯題的方法

 時間  Mon May 25 23:02:03 2009

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這是上課老師分享給我們的,很好用

拿它做閱讀詞匯題,基本都沒錯唉

而且我是那種不背詞匯的人

(太懶了)

廢話少說,開講

 

Understanding The Word From Context

在教學當中,學生總是希望老師能夠在給出指引方向的同時,還能夠給予更為細致的

Guidelines。例如b閱讀當中,許多同學已經知道了這樣一種閱讀大方向:If you

encounter an unfamiliar word, you should try to guess it out from context.但是

如何從上下文中猜出單詞的大概意思或者說是其文中的關鍵特征,卻很少有同學對此有系

統而完整的概念。所以筆者正是基于上述的問D給出自己的一些總結,希望能夠為學生解

疑釋惑。

I. Common Sense and Tone Clues

所有的語言,包括英語,我們應該有這樣的認識,那就是語言決不是單詞的簡單堆砌。單

個的詞匯意思僅僅是弱信號,過分強調弱信號不僅不利于我們對于語言的理解,在某種程

度上還嚴重的妨礙了我們對于語言的把握。在語言心理學中,語言學家對此提出了一種專

業概念---語言知覺的整體性---用以說明上述的情況。語言知覺的整體性是通L單個語言

元素結合語言接受者的常識經驗和對語境的判斷而產生的。舉個例子來說,有這樣一句話

He is a wet blanket。如果僅僅是把單個詞匯意思做simple lay-up or add-up,你只

會得出荒謬的認知:他是一塊濕毯子。He, is, a, wet, blanket都只是單個的語言元素

,你需要再加上你過去對英語語言文化的了解和對語境的判斷,你才能真正實現對語言知

覺整體性的正確感知:他是一個總令人沮喪失望的人(He is always disappointing)。

在這裡常識經驗和語境判斷成了語言知覺整體性感知stretching的關鍵因素。接下來我們

就通過具體例子來分別說明。

Common Sense Clues

A by-product of the distillation of petroleum in the industry is asphalt,

which can be used for paving streets.

Asphalt作為石油提煉工業的附產物能夠被用于舖路。雖然asphalt對很多讀者而言是個生

詞,但是根據我們平日裡對城市道路建設的觀察和體驗,我們很容易推測出asphalt就是

我們平時非常常見的瀝青。

Mr. Smith ran into a pedestrian with his car when it got out of control and

drove onto the sidewalk.

Smith先生的車失去了控制直接沖上人行道撞倒了一位pedestrian。同樣,pedestrian

我們很多讀者而言也O個生詞,但是許多電影影片中汽車失控的場面或者說是場景(

scenario)給了我們足夠的線索猜出這個詞就是行人的意思。

Tone Clues

我們應該學會關注文章中三處展現的感情色彩:1. 觀點句或者結論句出現的地方,2. 代表人物或代表流派出現的地方,3. 強烈感情色彩出現的地方。因為感’漹m通過語境能夠傳達出很多單詞的大概意思或者說是關鍵特征,甚至強烈感情色彩還能給出下面很多文字的中心(

Focus or Topic)。我們歜看一個例子:

They must gain an understanding of human nature, including its negative

aspects, such as the sources of human conflict and the pitfalls of power.

他們必須獲得對人類本質的理解,包括人類本質中不好的方面,例如人類沖突的源泉和人

類權利的pitfalls。雖然pitfalls很多同學並不認識,但我們通過negative aspects傳達

出的負態度和such as的舉例標志詞,我們可以做出這樣的合理推測pitfalls表示不好的

方面。這和它的釋義:危險、陷阱並沒有本質的差異。畢竟抓住了大概意思和關鍵特征。

我們再來看一個例子:

There is growing evidence that urbanization has a sharp vicious impact on

climate, causing changes that can wreak havoc on precipitation patterns that

supply the precious resource of water.

越來越多的証據表明城市化對氣候產生了非常惡劣的影響,它所產生的氣候變化將對給我

抴ㄗ挭_貴水源的降水分布wreak havoc。我們很多同學是不認識wreak havoc,但我們就

真的不能夠推測出它們的文中意思嗎?答案是否定的,因為在文章中我們找到了sharp

vicious,它傳達出了強烈的負態度,我們知道強烈的負態度內容等于告訴我們下文的中

心肯定是圍繞著它們(sharp vicious impact)而展開的,所以我們由此可以做出合理的

推測wreak havoc的大概意思是產生不好的影響,這和它的中文釋義---產生破壞---並沒

有本質的差異。

II. Structural Clues

英語語言是非常結構化或者說是非常語法化的語言,正是這些語法現象能夠給我們提供足

夠的線薔h做出單詞特征的推測。下面我們就從十一個方面去做出我們的分析。

BE

A supernova is a massive star that undergoes a gravitational collapse, then a

gigantic explosion, blasting away the outer layers into space.

Supernova是一種巨大的恆星,它不斷進行著引力的收縮,然後就會發生巨大的爆炸,而

它的外層會隨著爆炸產生的巨大氣流被吹向外太空。這裡的supernova對我們可能非常陌

生,但這裡的isF我們對supernova的定義,所以我們知道其實它就是一種巨大的恆星

A and B & A or B

The inclination or tilt of the earth’s axis with respect to the sun determines the seasons.

地球的軸朝向太陽的傾斜或者說是tilt將決定地面上的四季。同樣tilt對我們很多人來說

也非常的陌生。但是or的出現告訴我們inclinationtilt之間形成了相互解釋和相互下

定義。所以tilt的意思同樣是傾斜。

 

Adjective Clause & Adjective Phrases

The sun crosses the equator twice a year at the equinoxes, when day and night

are nearly equal in length.

太陽在一年當中會在equinoxes經過赤道兩次,而在equinoxes上白天和黑夜的長度是相等

的。這裡我們就可以根據when引導的定語從句猜測出equinoxes的關鍵特征就是白天黑夜

長度相等,這和它的精確釋義“晝夜均分線”並沒有本質的差異。

 

Circumlocution

在中文和英文當中都存在y言的反復修飾的現象,最常見的有這樣兩種形式:A, B

 or A of B。對于前一種形式,一般要求AB的詞性要一致,並且AB都是形容詞或

者副詞,而□表示修飾的對象。後一種沒有上述的要求。由于AB都在修飾同一個中心詞

□,所以AB之間一定在特征上存在相關性和相似性。例如soulless, mechanical

copying of reality. 這裡的Asoulless, Bmechanical, 而□是copying of reality

。我們發現這裡的mechanical不能理解為機械的,只能理解為死板的,原因是它和

soulless都在修飾copying of reality,所以二者應該具有特征的相關性和相似性。再看

一個例子:collective well-being of social group。同樣的道理,我們可以輕易地推

測出collective在這裡的意思應該就是social group

Apparition

Sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands.

Sedge root是一種木質纖維,它很容易就被分割成線。同樣由于這裡的同位語結構,雖然

我們不可能猜測出sedge root是“蓑衣草的根”這一精確釋義,但是我們卻能夠推測出它

的關鍵特征是木質纖維。其實這比知道蓑衣草的根在閱讀理解上更有價值。

Listing

If someone is said to have “a chip on his shoulder”, he is angry,

pugnacious, sullen, and looking for trouble.

如果有人說他的肩膀上有凹口,其實是想表達他很生氣、pugnacioussullen和很想找人

茬發泄發泄。Pugnacioussullen對很多同學來說都是陌生的單詞。但是這裡我們發現

angry, pugnacious, sullen, looking for trouble一起構造出了一個列舉結構,同時我

們也知道能夠列舉在一起的元素在這篇文章中一定屬于同一范疇,所以它們之間必然存在

特征的相關性和相似性。所以我們把angrylooking for trouble的意思加在一起就可以

比較準確地描繪出pugnacioussullen的意思了。

Exemplification

Eliminating obsolete skills, for instance, shorthand is still taught in many

secretarial programs although it is rarely used and out of date.

    在教育中我們應該根除掉一些obsolete的技巧傳授,例如像速記法現在雖然在秘書工

作培養當中仍然在教授,但其實已經很少用到和過時了。我們注意到這個句子當中存在

for instance引導的舉例,所以skills就和shorthand形成了對應關系,而修飾skills

obsolete也就M修飾shorthandrarely used and out of date形成了對應關系,從而根

據舉例形成的對應關系我們猜出obsolete的特征應該就是過時的和很少使用的。

Comparison

He lived parsimoniously, was frugal in food and drink, his clothes were

beyond description; he looked like a beggar, but kept on saving and putting

money in the bank.

他生活地非常parsimoniously,在吃喝方面非常的frugal,而他的衣服也囓H形容了。換

句話說,他活得就像個乞丐,但卻不斷地往銀行裡面存錢。根據分號和語境的判斷,我們

知道這兩個分句之間形成了comparison絢永魒t。所以我們可以根據後面一句話的意思推斷

parsimoniouslyfrugal的意思應該就是過分吝嗇節儉。

Contrast

Songbirds are active throughout the day; Owls, on the other hand, are

primarily nocturnal.

喜歡唱歌的鳥兒在白天非常活躍,相反貓頭鷹卻nocturnal。在這個句子當中,我們發現

詞組on the other hand的出現,它表明兩個分句之間形成了contrast的關系。所以根據

對應關系,songbirdowl對應,而修飾songbird狀態的active throughout the day就和

修飾owls狀態的nocturnal形成了相反對應。由此我們可以推斷出nocturnal的意思就是晚

上的。

Parenthesis

Crepuscular rays---alternating bright and dark rays in the sky---appear to

radiate from the sun.

    Crepuscular光線在天空中不斷進行著明暗交替變換,其感覺像是從太陽發出的一樣

。這裡的crepuscular ray非常的生僻,而其中文釋義“晨昏線”鴽畯怞茖奶]幾乎沒有

什麼明確的概念。但我們在這裡發現了兩個dash(破折號),它們構成了插入語結構的標

志。所以我們知道這裡的crepuscular rays的關鍵特征已經通過插入語得到體現。由此我

們對它們最好的理解就是天空中不斷明暗交替變化的光線。

Cause & Effect

對于因果關系出現的標志詞除了我們非常常見的because之外還有if, when, accordingly

等等。而利用因果關系我們也能夠進行詞匯意思的上下文推導。狾p

There was pandemonium among workers when the company announced that it was

cutting wages.

在工人之間一下子就出現了pandemonium,當公司宣布要消減薪水時。這裡的when不僅表

示時間,也表示原因。正是這個when所引導的因果關系。我們可以做這樣的思考過程。因

為矕轀~水了,所以正常情況下工人的反應應該是抱怨和嚴重的不滿,從而許多的工人一

定會聚在一起發泄不滿情緒。而這樣的思考和推斷已經把pandemonium的釋義“喧鬧不滿

”的關鍵特征得到詮釋。

 

 

 

the Globe /figure/

 

axis  hemisphere  Pole
tropic of Cancer  tropic of Capricorn 
Antarctic Circle  Arctic Circle 
line of latitude  line of longtitude 

image

2011年6月2日 星期四

Sunrays before sunrise or after sunset

image

Sunrays before sunrise or after sunset

http://earthsky.org/tonight/sunrays-before-sunrise-or-after-sunset

Before sunrise or after sunset, you might be gazing skyward and notice that there are beams of light that appear to be shooting out from horizon, or down from the clouds. These are crepuscular rays, sometimes called sunrays. They are beautiful, mysterious and very noticeable.

You need just the right conditions to see these rays. In order to see them, the clouds, the sun and you must all be in the right spot with respect to each other. Crepuscular means like twilight or dim. That’s a clue that this effect is normally 1.-seen before sunrise or just after sunset, when the 2.-sky is somewhat dark.

When you see the rays, the sun’s disk might be just below the horizon from your perspective with the sun is shining through clouds in that part of the sky. The clouds scatter the sunlight, creating the rays.

image
Image Credit: Mila Zinkova via Wikimedia Commons

If you are seeing these rays in the east before dawn, remember to turn around and face west. You might be in luck and see anticrepuscular rays. These rays form opposite the sun. The rays are split apart by the clouds so they come back together on the opposite side of the sky. They are sort of like the lines on a basketball spread apart from the top of the ball and coming back together on the bottom. If you are noticing the rays at sunset, turn around to the east to see the anticrepuscular rays.

2011年6月1日 星期三

The Pierces - Glorious

The Pierces – Glorious

If I find a way then I will make you stay
Maybe one more night if you wanna
If I find the rhyme then I would take the time
Sing you one more line and it will go like
[Chorus]
God bless the world, it's so glorious
God bless the ones we've loved
God bless the ones we've lost
God bless the world, it's so glorious
I will never die, never die like you
If I find the boy, the one with golden eyes
you know i think I'll haunt you
If I find the rhyme then I would take the time
Sing you one more line and it will go like
[Chorus]
God bless the world, it's so glorious
God bless the ones we've loved
God bless the ones we've lost
God bless the world, it's so glorious
I will never die, never die like you
I felt his hand today, I cross my shoulders and I'll knee down
to pray
Say after life's ok, but it got so lonely when you turned away
[Chorus]
God bless the world, it's so glorious
God bless the ones we've loved
God bless the ones we've lost
God bless the world, it's so glorious
I will never die, never die like you
I felt his hand today, you cross my shoulders and I'll knee
down to pray
say after life's ok, but it got so lonely when you turned away
I saw his lie today, you cross my shoulders and I'll knee down
to pray
I feel like hell today, but it got so lonely when you turned
but it got so lonely when you turned away
It got so lonely when you turned away

2011年5月25日 星期三

Noah And The Whale - Tonight's The Kind Of Night

 

Noah And The Whale
Tonight's The Kind Of Night

Songwriters: CHARLES FINK

There's a boy with his head
Pressed up to the window
Of a bus heading out of town
In his breath on the glass
He draws with his finger
A map of the roads they go down
Circles of street lights
Are the only signal
That there's people out there in the black
He waves goodbye, to the town he grew up in
He knows that he'll never come back
The night outside is five below
His heart is pumping blood
On his lips a perfect smile
His eyes begin to flood

Because tonight's the kind of night
Where everything could change
Tonight's the kind of night
Where everything could change

The rumble strip clack
And the rattling frame
Beat out a pulse on his head
The engine hums, a humble tune
A melody of rubber and lead
Under lamp light glow
And paradise stars
An infinity of dancing white light
He sees that his debt
Is to experience only
And not to those who'd plan out his life
The night outside is five below
The moon is in the sky
His heart is full of perfect joy
He whispers his goodbye

Because tonight's the kind of night
Where everything could change
Tonight's the kind of night
Where everything could change

And tonight he's not gonna come back home
Oh tonight he's not gonna come back home
Oh tonight he's not gonna come back home
Ohhh
Ohhh

Oh tonight's the kind of night
Where everything could change
Tonight's the kind of night
Where everything could change
Tonight's the kind of night
Where everything could change
Tonight's the kind of night
Where everything could change

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rumble  clark  rattle 

 

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rumble strip - are a road safety feature that alert inattentive drivers to potential danger by causing a tactile vibration and audible rumbling, transmitted through the wheels into the car body.


 

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